Types of XSS Attacks By ITSec Security Consulting Limited

Introduction to XSS Attacks

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a prevalent web security vulnerability that allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. These scripts, often written in JavaScript, can steal sensitive information, manipulate website content, or impersonate users. XSS attacks exploit the trust users place in a website, leading to severe consequences for both users and web applications.

Types of XSS Attacks

Stored XSS (Persistent XSS) Stored XSS occurs when malicious scripts are permanently stored on the target server, such as in a database, comment field, or forum post. When a user accesses the affected page, the script is executed in their browser. For example, an attacker might inject a script into a user profile page, which then executes whenever another user views that profile.

Example CVE:

  • CVE-2020–10385: A stored XSS vulnerability in the WPForms Contact Form plugin for WordPress.

Reflected XSS Reflected XSS happens when malicious scripts are reflected off a web server, such as in an error message or search result. The script is executed immediately in the user’s browser when they click on a malicious link. For instance, an attacker might craft a URL that includes a script, which is then reflected back to the user in a search result.

Example CVE:

  • CVE-2024–52875: A reflected XSS vulnerability in GFI KerioControl firewall.

DOM-based XSS DOM-based XSS occurs when the vulnerability exists in the client-side code rather than the server-side code. The attack manipulates the Document Object Model (DOM) of the web page to execute malicious scripts. For example, an attacker might exploit a vulnerable JavaScript function that processes user input without proper validation.

Example CVE:

  • CVE-2024–54133: A DOM-based XSS vulnerability in Action Pack.

How XSS Attacks Work

XSS attacks typically involve injecting malicious scripts into web applications through user inputs that are not properly validated or sanitized. These scripts can then execute in the context of the victim’s browser, allowing attackers to steal cookies, session tokens, or other sensitive information.

Preventing XSS Attacks

To prevent XSS attacks, web developers should implement robust input validation and sanitization practices. Using Content Security Policy (CSP) headers can also help mitigate the risk by restricting the sources from which scripts can be loaded. Additionally, secure coding practices and regular security testing are essential to identify and fix vulnerabilities.

Real-World Examples and Case Studies

British Airways (2018)

  • Attackers exploited an XSS vulnerability in a JavaScript library used by British Airways, leading to the theft of customer data from 380,000 booking transactions.

Fortnite (2019)

  • An XSS vulnerability in an unsecured page allowed attackers to gain unauthorized access to user data and virtual currency.

eBay (2015–2016)

  • A severe XSS vulnerability enabled attackers to gain full access to eBay seller accounts and steal payment details.

CVEs Related to XSS Attacks

CVE-2020–10385

  • A stored XSS vulnerability in the WPForms Contact Form plugin for WordPress.

CVE-2024–52875

  • A reflected XSS vulnerability in GFI KerioControl firewall.

CVE-2024–54133

  • A DOM-based XSS vulnerability in Action Pack.

Conclusion

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks remain a significant threat to web applications due to their ability to exploit user trust and execute malicious scripts. By understanding the different types of XSS attacks, their mechanisms, and preventive measures, developers can better protect their applications and users from these vulnerabilities. Continuous security practices and staying updated with the latest security trends are crucial in mitigating the risks associated with XSS attacks.

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ITSec Security Consulting Limited

ITSec Security Consulting Limited

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留言

  1. Alexis2025年1月11日 清晨5:42

    It is a good introduction for penetration test (pentest) and sraa ( IT security risk assessment and audit)

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  2. Alexis2025年1月11日 清晨5:58

    It is a guide

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  3. Alexis2025年1月11日 晚上9:12

    It is a good guide of pentest in sraa ( IT Security risk assessment and Audit)

    回覆刪除
  4. Alexis2025年1月13日 晚上9:46

    Nice job for sraa and pentest (penetration test)

    回覆刪除
  5. Alexis2025年1月14日 晚上10:13

    Up

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